How many layers are there in the OSI model?

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model consists of seven distinct layers. This model is a framework used to understand and implement network protocols in telecommunication and computing. Each layer in the OSI model serves a specific purpose and functions independently while also interacting with the layers directly above and below it.

The seven layers of the OSI model, from top to bottom, are:

1. Application Layer - This is where end-user software interacts with the network.

2. Presentation Layer - This layer formats or translates data for the application layer, handling encryption and compression.

3. Session Layer - It controls the sessions between computers, managing connections and sessions.

4. Transport Layer - This layer ensures complete data transfer, managing error detection and correction as well as flow control.

5. Network Layer - Responsible for data routing and forwarding, it determines the best physical path for data transfer.

6. Data Link Layer - This layer provides node-to-node data transfer and handles error correction from the Physical layer.

7. Physical Layer - The lowest layer, which transmits raw bitstreams over a physical medium.

Understanding these layers helps in diagnosing network issues and implementing reliable communication protocols, making it essential knowledge