What does multifactor authentication (MFA) include as a criterion?

Multifactor authentication (MFA) is a security process that requires users to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to a resource, such as an application or online account. This approach enhances security by requiring different types of factors that fall into distinct categories.

Geolocation factors, as a criterion for MFA, involve using location-based information to verify a user’s identity. For instance, a system might check where a user is trying to log in from and compare that location against known devices or geographical boundaries previously established in the user's account settings. This adds an additional layer of security because even if a malicious actor has the correct password, they may not have access to the user's usual geographic location or device.

The other criteria for authentication in MFA typically include:

• Something the user knows (like a password or PIN).

• Something the user has (such as a mobile device or hardware token).

• Something the user is (biometric information like fingerprints or facial recognition).

While geolocation factors are an important component of some modern MFA implementations, they are not the only element of multifactor authentication. In selecting geolocation as the correct answer, it emphasizes the diversity of factors that can be utilized in MFA beyond just knowledge or possession.