What is the difference between a static and a dynamic IP address?

The distinction between static and dynamic IP addresses is fundamental in networking. A static IP address is assigned to a device and does not change. This permanency allows for reliable communication since other devices on the network can always contact it using the same IP address. Static addresses are typically used for devices that need constant access, such as servers and network printers, where predictable communication is essential.

In contrast, a dynamic IP address is assigned by a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server and can change over time based on availability and the lease duration set by the server. Devices that connect to the network are given dynamic IP addresses temporarily, which makes administration easier and allows for efficient use of available IP address space.

Understanding these differences is crucial for network management and planning, as they dictate how devices communicate and are addressed on a network. Using static IP addresses holds advantages in specific scenarios, while dynamic IP addresses are more flexible for typical consumer devices.